45 for gold. This work suggests a new form of dual-band patch antenna for radio frequency identification applications (RFID) in the UHF band and the microwave band. THz electromagnetic wave can permit more densely packed communication links with increased security of communication transmission. Patch antenna feedline with (left) direct feeding, (center) inset feeding, and (right) coaxial feeding. For example: F=10. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. 85 THz. There are different ways of designing stacked patches, primarily differing in the way their feed is. The calculation of the length of the first dipole was carried out based on the lower operating frequency than 1. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. The proposed antenna operated and resonated on two frequencies of 7. This tool calculates backward crosstalk which is usually the dominant crosstalk component. If the ratio (L/W) is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable input impedance. Circular microstrip antennas are used as low-profile antennas in airborne and spacecraft applications. But here is the funny part. Patch Length The dimensions the patch along its length have now been extended on each end by a distance ΔL, the patch length (L) equation now becomes L L eff 2û/ (5) G. An imaging system based on THz spectrum incorporating nanomaterial-based microstrip antenna provides better resolution at lower cost. One half-wavelength resonator of the high-frequency (f 2) signal path also provides port coupling function for the low-frequency (f 1. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo). The design, modeling and analysis of simulation results were. 3 shall be used. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. No need to download an excel sheet to do your noise figure calculations!The dimensions of the patch is 4. 06/27/2007: EM Talk Blog added. This example shows how to create an AI model based inset-fed microstrip patch antenna at 4. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. In the work of Ab Wahab et al. Placing an inset for a microstrip feedline into the antenna. An individual microstrip antenna consists of a patch of metal foil of various shapes (a patch antenna) on the surface of a PCB (printed circuit board), with a metal foil ground plane on the other side of the board. Access Rogers' calculators, literature, technical papers and request samples on your smart phone or tablet through the ROG mobile app. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length (L) and width (W) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. 09/08/2007: Online VSWR calculator added. 0 GHz; the width of the microstrip is designed for 50 Ω and the length for a 180 degree phase delay. In this chapter, analysis and synthesis problems for designing of microstrip patch antennas were discussed using the artificial. . However, I tried to simulate the exact shape of the antenna (the design from the paper) and developed the project on HFSS initially. “Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Air as Substrate for S-Band Communication. A microstrip patch antenna using air substrate operated at 28 GHz resonance was designed, simulated, optimized, and analyzed. 1. A simple tool to calculate parameters for an edge fed/inset fed/probe fed patch antenna or microstrip antenna. In summary, the design process for the coaxial probe placement is simple: Select an operating frequency and stackup. Calculation assumes that you are using a 50 Ohm microstrip transmission line. In this paper, a high gain novel microstrip patch antenna array design is proposed based on the photonic crystal in terahertz (THz), which can be employed for the next generation wireless communication technology and other interesting applications. The relative dielectric constant of the commonly used FR4 copper-clad sheet is 4. 1 GHz is selected and 401The microstrip antenna can also be matched to a transmission line of characteristic impedance Z0 by using a quarter-wavelength transmission line of characteristic impedance Z1 as shown in Figure 2. The results should only be used as an estimate for the waveport size. 04 in the ε eff. 65mm. But boy i was wrong. Inclined slot. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed. Abstract and Figures. First the model of the microstrip patch antenna has to be drawn in HFSS. 254) mm is. To determine the width (W), the microstrip patch antenna calculator was used to provide an initial starting point. This calculator provides accurate microstrip transmission line analysis and synthesis. emtalk, electromagnetics and microwave engineering tutorials and forum. This work suggests a new form of dual-band patch antenna for radio frequency identification applications (RFID) in the UHF band and the microwave band. The ANSI-based circular microstrip patch antenna is designed to work at 7. 0 of permitivity) at. An embedded microstrip is a microstrip transmission line or flat conductor separated from the ground place via a dielectric material. Antenna are designed with a working frequency of 3,5 GHz for 5G and 5 GHz communication systems for. 27 mm at 5. Output is radius and effective radius of the circular patch. The patch antenna is designed for 2. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. RF Cafe began life in 1996 as "RF Tools" in an AOL screen name web space totaling 2 MB. The meshed ground plane consist of two lines, one carrying the desired current and the other. Always perform a Solve Ports Only solution to ensure the waveport is correct. 0x5. where nf N and g N is the linear noise figure and linear gain, respectively of stage N. 33 hz and the VSWR value is 0. The four element antenna array has demonstrated about 16dbi gain, a remarkable figure for its compact size. Description. there is a small gap on both side of the microstrip with patch. em: talk - HFSS Tutorial 1: Microstrip Patch Antenna See there are a lot many books from where you can get those formulas to calculate the length and width of the patch antenna. In this chapter, a variety of procedures proposed in the literature to increase the impedance bandwidth of microstrip patch antennas are presented and discussed. Z 0 = Single Ended Impedance. 1 Ohm (by calculator on EMtalk and not very correct patch autognd port in sonnet lite). The dimensions of square patch length L, width W are taken to be equal. The substrate thickness, t, is thin. Patch antenna online calculator. The characteristic impedance (Z o) of a microstrip transmission line can be calculated using the active calculator or the equations at the bottom of the page. Created: 16 October 2022. proposed a microstrip fractal patch antenna with a COVID-19 shape in order to create a miniature antenna for dual-band wireless, satellite, and radar applications. Site Map . 42 GHz and 3. 8 GHz, which makes the design challenging. Now take the Height, Width, and Dielectric height of your rectangle patch in millimeters and plug them into this formula. I've seen many links as well in for microstrip. 4. The analysis is carried out for 1. The four element antenna array has demonstrated about 16dbi gain, a remarkable figure for its compact size. However, in this paper, hexagonal microstrip patch antennas are designed and simulated for wireless backhaul at 3. The results should only be used as an estimate for the waveport size. The reduction of mutual coupling between antenna elements has been a research hotspot in the design of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. fast and gives accurate results. emtalk, electromagnetics forum, electromagnetic tutorials, microwave engineering forum, microwave engineering tutorials, microstrip calculator Check Open neighbouring websites listMicrostrip Crosstalk Calculator Stripline Crosstalk Calculator. HFSS is one of the better solution for Patch antenna design. Microstrip Patch Antenna HFSSv10 ( download simulation file) The microstrip patch antenna is a popular printed resonant antenna for narrow-band microwave wireless links. 29mm, space between trace and top ground is also 0. At some point the amplitude will stay constant. Yes, the inset is discussed in Balanis. Patch Antenna Calculator. Enter values for L and W for the microstrip patch to determine its fr. A cross-section of a microstrip transmission line is shown below. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. Determine the characteristic impedance Z0 at 5 GHz A: 70 Ohms B: 100 Ohms C: 300 Ohms D: 50 Ohms. after this i optimize Zo at the port to 50 ohm by. 58 mV and specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 3. Equation (14-20a) states. Analyze Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. Key factors are the relative permittivity (εr) of the dielectric material, the cross-sectional area (A) of the microstrip, and the. However, in this paper, hexagonal microstrip patch antennas are designed and simulated for wireless backhaul at 3. These are considered to be standardized impedance values with cables readily available. The shape of the patch was deemed as the main parameter studied in this research and it had naturally affected most of the antenna characteristics. In this paper, we show that the traditional microwave design methodology can be simplified based on a broadside-coupled microstrip line as a low loss metamaterial. 57 mm thickness. Press Analyze to see the results. Normally a square patch is used. The microstrip line will be designed on a substrate with a dielectric constant of 10. The antenna is inset fed by a microstrip. In simple case i thought we have three impedances: patch edge, matching line, 50 ohm line. 12LNO/0. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) are required. 8 GHz [], so we obtain:. Microstrip Line. Now, i want to wrap the antenna on a cylindrical surface and simulate using HFSS tool. the calculator for microstrip line in emtalk asks for "elctrical length in degrees" and i am not able to calculate. 4 GHz. In addition, an. The coaxial probe feed used . An arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch antennaType of antenna: Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna Resonance frequency: 2. 8 GHz [], so we obtain:. Rho: Conductor resistivity relative to copper. This is a commonly used transmission line, as it can be cheaply fabricated using printed circuit board techniques. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance. 5 Microstrip Line. Each Port is matched to the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the single, isolated microstrip transmission line. The antenna is designed using 1. An arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch is illustrated in Figure 5. Now you have your radius in millimeters for a circular. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) calculator determines reflection coefficient (GAMMA), VSWR, and return loss (dB) for a mismatched line. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. What is a microstrip patch antenna? It is a kind of internal antenna. 8% was observed. 42 GHz and 3. The microstrip patch were evaluated and designed using approximate equations in Balanis [5] to get the dimension of the ground plane. Use this tool to determine the the length (L) and width (W) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. Calculation assumes that you are using a 50 Ohm microstrip transmission line. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. Backwards crosstalk creates a pulse width that is twice that of the propagation time of the pulse traveling the coupling distance. 27 mm 3 and the substrate material is Rogers RT/duroid 6010/6010LM. Snell's law applied to the interface of a RHM/LHM. The above equations are also in Transmission Line Design Handbook by Brian C. 76SR composite as a substrate. The current distribution which is. I would expect the physical aperture to be the area taken up by the antenna - so it includes not only the patch, but any strips of bare substrate and ground around the edge. The circumference of the patch is C and the area bounded by the circumference is S. 3 Design Specification simulated an inset-fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna for WLAN Before designing a microstrip patch antenna, the first step is to application using CST software and a RO4350 dialectic substrate, consider the design specification of the antenna based on. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONAbout Patch Antenna Calculator The resource is currently listed in dxzone. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. 45 GHz. Model Setup. High Integrate Broad-Band Microstrip Antenna Array Using Multilayer Printed Circuit Board (MPCB) Technology. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length (L) and width (W) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. A microstrip is created by etching a trace on a printed circuit board and is mostly used in microwave applications. ae a e. Recent advancements in communication systems require a high possible data rate and high gain to overcome the path losses. Search titles only. 8 GHz. The antenna array with dimensions of (9 × 40 × 0. 29mm, on the 0. 8x4. 7. fast and gives accurate results. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) are required. Left-handed materials have lead to novel microwave antennas, resonators, waveguides, and lenses. 1b shows the coupling scheme of the proposed diplexer. 8 GHz, which. A. Coaxial Cable Impedance Calculator. 45 - empirical coefficient mainly for open end effect. 137 µm After determining the dimensions of the microstrip antenna. design a ‘Hexagonal Microstrip Patch Antenna’ for wireless communication. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. For the proposed design this paper got a high gain of 17. An imaging system based on THz spectrum incorporating nanomaterial-based microstrip antenna provides better resolution at lower cost. Since 1986, FCC rules have provided for unlicensed spread-spectrum operation in the 915 MHz (902928 MHz), 2. Regards. Les meilleurs smartphones "pas chers" à moins de 200 euros de mai 2023 - CNET FranceDesign Microstrip Transmission Line Around 1. A compact and efficient microstrip patch antenna is used in the imaging technique to transmit equivalent signal and receive backscattering signal from the stratified human head model. The patch is of length L, width W, and sitting on top of a substrate (some dielectric circuit board). But I get stuck at port = FDTD. When in doubt, use 1 for copper, . The substrate parameters (ε r and h) are required. 2. A 50 Ohm microstrip transmission line is matched to a patch antenna (impedance typically 200 Ohms or more) via a quarter-wavelength microstrip transmission line with the characteristic impedance chosen to match the load. 27 mm, and is assigned a perfect conductor material. Backwards crosstalk creates a pulse width. 04/03/2007: Microstrip Patch Antenna: From Simulation to Realization added in the Tutorials\Tools section. The microstrip antennas can be excited either by coaxialThe 2-port EM does have valid shunt path data flowing to the grounded reference node. For a more accurate analysis, use ANSYS HFSS or similar programs. P B = Power output of Port 3. The left-handed medium for the flat lens is realized in HFSS with an effective medium approach; the substrate is assigned a constant negative value of permittivity and permeability. Calculates dimensions of circular microstrip patch antenna, provided frequency, relative permittivity and height of substrate. Identify best matched Rogers' bonding material by sorting according to design attributes. ← RF Calculators. 5000e+09 Tunable. emtalk, electromagnetics forum, electromagnetic tutorials, microwave engineering forum, microwave engineering tutorials, microstrip calculator Check Open neighbouring websites listThe microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. Calculators. 45 * λ 20, 0. dBm to Watt converter Stripline Impedance calculator Microstrip line impedance Antenna G/T Noise temp. The 40 data samples are used to design MSA from which details of 15 data samples have been given in table 1. Coplanar Waveguide With Ground Characteristic Impedance Calculator. thank you so much. This antenna does not take any much extra size and can be etched on the same mobile PCB itself. A low profile, unidirectional, dual layer, and narrow bandwidth microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2. The truncated cut to the radiating elements creates the Right Hand Circular (RHC) radiation pattern ideal for most amateur. The paper describes Microstrip patch antenna that consists of a half circular patch which is extended to an extra length and is fabricated on FR-4 material that uses Microstrip feeding line method for feeding. Sayeed Fig. The passive antenna is a critical part of any wireless communications link, for both transmit and. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. If the ratio (L/W) is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable input impedance. spar = sparameters (mline,1. Description. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. 12 mm, a height of 1. The microstrip patch antenna array was designed to achieve a higher gain and bandwidth compared to a single element antenna. when i insert the microstrip in patch. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. Height: Height of the substrate. Tweet. Access technical papers, white papers, calculators, tools and more for circuit laminates, prepreg and bonding materials. For example, if you wish to input "25000000", just type "25M" instead. Patch antennas usually have narrow bandwidths and the 5-GHz WLAN band extends from 5. The results should only be used as an estimate for the waveport size. First, i'm using an inset-fed retangular patch ready for 50ohm and i need to match it to a 100ohm microstrip line. Note that this defines the bandwidth given the operating frequency and wavelength in free space: Microstrip patch antenna bandwidth A Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator The microstrip patch antenna model used for the numerical simulation in Ansoft HFSS is shown in Fig. Microstrip patch antennas is one of the most used antennas for wireless communication. Recent advancements in communication systems require a high possible data rate and high gain to overcome the path losses. com in 2 categories. First, i'm using an inset-fed retangular patch ready for 50ohm and i need to match it to a 100ohm microstrip line. The proposed antenna. Analyze Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. 10). The input impedance at the radiation edge is also. In addition, if GAMMA, VSWR, or dB is known, the calculator can convert between the three. com - Anthony. To determine the width (W), the microstrip patch antenna calculator was used to provide an initial starting point. The microstrip patch antenna calculator determines the length (L) and width (W) of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for a given resonant frequency or vice versa. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. 45 for gold. There is a big disadvantage of microstrip antenna. 5 GHz. This calculator helps you determine the magnitude of the crosstalk that could occur on a microstrip given its dimensions and source voltage. If you include these you might get 144 ohms, I don't know what they are claiming to calculate. The dipole arm's width (W) and length (L) will be optimized for 3. Hi, I try to simulate a patch antenna as defined in emtalk, based on altering the example Simple_patch_antenna. Activity points. The patch antenna, shown in Figure 11. 2 mm. While commonly constructed using printed circuit boards, this structure can also be built using other materials as long as there is a conductor separated from. 1. While commonly constructed using printed circuit boards, this structure can also be built using other materials as long as there is a conductor separated from. Press Analyze to see the results. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. Other parameters for circular patch Design Other parameters for designing the hexagonal shape are reactance of circular patch and resonance frequency. The microstrip patch antenna can also be designed using an artificial neural network (ANN) modeling technique where size of the antenna is major limitation especially in mobile and wireless applications. In this paper, a high gain novel microstrip patch antenna array design is proposed based on the photonic crystal in terahertz (THz), which can be employed for the next generation wireless communication. This line consists of a metal-backed substrate of relative permittivity (varepsilon_{r}) on top of which is a metal strip. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line with 50 Ω characteristic impedance and. 1. This is a tool I developed to assist us at the Cambridge University Spaceflight Club to design a patch antenna for telemetry. 1 Trophy points 1,298 Activity points 2,319 Hi all I am not able to understand the meaning of input impedance (edge) in this link em: talk - Microstrip Patch Antenna. 78 GHz is achieved. Simons, "Coplanar Waveguide Circuits, Components, and Systems", Wiley. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. 4mm thick FR-4 (lossy)substrate with relative permittivity 4. Press Synthesize to see the results. The patchMicrostrip object is a microstrip patch antenna. 3. To determine the width (W), the microstrip patch antenna calculator was used to provide an initial starting point. An X-band, 12-element array of rectangular microstrip patches was demonstrated for the first time to reflect the main beam 20 degrees off broadside. Crosstalk is unwanted coupled energy between traces. R = Zo (K + 1/K) Where, K2 = P3 / P2; (P3 - power at port 3) (P2 - power at port 2). In the case of the substrate, its dimensions are 5. The width of the conducting layer is important to calculate the radiation intensity since it directly affects. Enter values for W and L for a microstrip line to determine its Zo and Electrical Length. Millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless technology has become a part of human life for high-speed and secure data transmission. Use the patchMicrostripCircular object to create a probe-fed circular microstrip patch antenna. Overview. In the case of the substrate, its dimensions are 5. 15 to 5. 5 GHz and calculate its resonant frequency. com . The successful execution leads us to target the commons bandwidth of wireless. In summary, the design process for the coaxial probe placement is simple: Select an operating frequency and stackup. 7807 (value<2). The patch antenna, shown in Figure 11. u can shoot me an email :irfan70@gmail. em: talk - Electromagnetics and Microwave Engineering. 0 GHz; the width of the microstrip is designed for 50 Ω and the length for a 180 degree phase delay. The analysis is carried out for 1. If the dielectric constant of the material is not known, you can choose to put in the velocity of. By definition, a printed antenna is one that is fabricated using standard photolithography technique. 42 GHz and 3. Activity points. 8% was observed. An X-band, 12-element array of rectangular microstrip patches was demonstrated for the first time to reflect the main beam 20 degrees off broadside. Because of small size, light weight, less cost and good performance these types of antennas are also used in spacecraft, satellite and missile applications []. A frequency range of 1. This article presents a coplanar waveguide fed dual-band microstrip patch antenna for Wireless Local Area Network and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access applications. thank you so much. The circumference of the patch is C and the area bounded by the circumference is S. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. 25 GHz dielectic const = 2. Calculate the edge input impedance for the antenna. **Note: Like our microstrip line impedance calculator, all of our RF calculators allow SI prefix input. The required inputs are the Dk value for the dielectric constant of the PCB substrate, and the. AddMSLPort (1, patch, start, stop, "x", "y", priority=5, edges2grid='xy') throwing an. This paper presents a social spider optimization (SSO) design of a small-size microstrip antenna. AddMSLPort (1, patch, start, stop, "x", "y", priority=5, edges2grid='xy') throwing an. most intuitively appealing models for a microstrip antenna. 4GHz to 5. Intrinsic techniques, proximity coupled and aperture-coupled patches, applying horizontally coupled patches to driven patch on a single layer and stacked patches are discussed. The critical parameters are Dielectric Constant, Dielectric Loss, and TG Value. 29mm, space between trace and top ground is also 0. 27 mm at 5. Rin (y=y_o)=Rin (y=0)*cos ( (pi/L)*y_o)^2. The microstrip antenna, Part 1: Basics. The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo). Pennsylvania State University. Noise figure is noise factor expressed in decibels (dB). The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. This calculator helps you calculate the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable given its dimensions. 29mm, on the 0. There is also a dielectric material placed above the conductor. 2. A low profile, unidirectional, dual layer, and narrow bandwidth microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2. f r f r = Frequency. The microstrip coupling lines provide the input/output coupling and its strength are determined by the gap width and length (S 2, L 2 and S 3, L 8). com i found that for the 100ohm line the width calculated is so low, 0. . Discover (and save!) your own Pins on PinterestA new technique is presented for designing microstrip patch antennas with very good input impedance matching. . The dimensions of square patch length L, width W are taken to be equal. I have designed a antenna at 2. Coplanar Waveguide Calculator. The simulated results such as gain, radiation efficiency and 10 dB impedance bandwidth of rectangular. It can be seen that, while the antenna is resonant at 2. The substrate parameters. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. 4 and a microstrip line feed is used. High Integrate Broad-Band Microstrip Antenna Array Using Multilayer Printed Circuit Board (MPCB) Technology. INPUT DATA. Introduction. 1. 8 mm 2 and is assigned a PEC boundary condition. 12BVO/0. 11ac 802. files/HFSS/PPWG_DD. This parameter is used for the loss calculations. 8 mm 2 and is assigned a PEC boundary condition. You are now ready to draw the microstrip line trace. Feeding lines is around 0. The microstrip impedance represents the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line, which is the uniform impedance provided by the uniform cross-sectional dimensions along the microstrip (flat copper conductor) length; to prevent signal reflection. 35%. Analyze. . can anybody help me for the dimensions of rectangular patch antenna at freq = 2. 6023 Ω. 4 for 0. Can someone provide me with detailed manual for the same . This is why a low-noise amplifier (LNA) is the first active device in a communications system. 09/08/2007: Online VSWR calculator added. If the ratio (L/W) is close to unity, the radiation pattern will be symmetric but may not provide a resonable input impedance. 65 GHz to 6. Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) are rapidly gaining more attention due to the proliferation of communication devices and systems with frequencies becoming more suitable for the size and performance of this type of. 8 W/Kg has been demonstrated that outperforms than the exiting imaging methods [ 10 ]. Due to its planar configuration and ease of integration with microstrip technology, the microstrip patch antenna has been heavily studied and is often used as elements for an array. i need help in calculating the dimensions of patch antenna. Enter values for L and W for the microstrip patch to determine its fr. 09/08/2007: Online VSWR calculator added. 5 GHz of center frequency for the WiMax applications. These three methods are outlined in the image below. There are four different types of impedance used in characterizing differential trace impedances. em: talk - Legal Statement; em: talk - Tutorials. 27 mm 3 and the substrate material is Rogers RT/duroid 6010/6010LM. Moreover, based on the simulation, the antenna with the.